HBP/Rosen Striatum M430v2 (April05) PDNN Clean

Accession number: GN68

    Summary:

PREFERRED DATA SET. This April 2005 data freeze provides estimates of mRNA expression in the striatum (caudate nucleus of the forebrain) of 31 lines of mice including C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and 29 BXD recombinant inbred strains. This data set excludes eleven arrays associated with high numbers of outliers (clean). Data were generated using Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 short oligomer microarrays at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC, Boston MA) by Glenn D. Rosen with the support of a Human Brain Project (HBP) grant. Approximately 250 brain samples (males and females) from 31 strains were used in this experiment. This data set includes 48 arrays that passed very stringent quality control procedures. Data were processed using the PDNN method of Zhang. To simplify comparison among transforms, PDNN values of each array have been adjusted to an average expression of 8 units and a standard deviation of 2 units.

    About the cases used to generate this set of data:

We have used a set of BXD recombinant inbred strains generated by crossing C57BL/6J (B6 or B) with DBA/2J (D2 or D). The BXDs are particularly useful for systems genetics because both parental strains have been sequenced (8x coverage of B6 and 1.5x coverage of D). Physical maps in WebQTL incorporate approximately 1.75 million B vs D SNPs from Celera. BXD2 through BXD32 were bred by Benjamin A. Taylor starting in the late 1970s. BXD33 through 42 were bred by Taylor in the 1990s. These strains are available from The Jackson Laboratory.

    About the tissue used to generate this set of data:

Animals were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory and housed for several weeks at BIDMC until they reached ~2 months of age (range from 55 to 62 days). Mice were killed by cervical dislocation and brains were removed and placed in RNAlater for 20 to 25 minutes prior to dissection. Cerebella and olfactory bulbs were removed; brains were hemisected, and both striata were dissected using a medial approach by GD Rosen that typically yields 5 to 7 mg of tissue per side.

All striatal dissections were performed by one person (GD Rosen) using a midsagittal approach that minimizes the likelihood of contamination across tissues. This dissection recovers most, but not all, of neostraitum. We have histologically examined dissected tissue and have found that no evidence of inclusion of cortical or thalamic tissue at the margins. We have further confirmed the dissections by comparative assays for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) protein levels using Western blots. The concentration of AChE in the striatum is far higher than that in cortex or cerebellum. A pool of dissected tissue from 3 or 4 adults (approximately 25 to 30 mg of tissue) of the same strain, sex, and age was collected in one session and used to generate cRNA samples.

RNA was extracted by Rosen and colleagues and was then processed by the BIDMC Genomics Core. Labeled cRNA was generated using the Amersham Biosciences cRNA synthesis kit protocol.

Replication and Sample Balance: Our goal is to obtain data for independent biological sample pools from at least one sample from each sex for all BXD strains. We have not yet achieved this goal. Fifteen of 31 strains are represented by male and female samples. The remaining 16 strains are still represented by single sex samples: BXD6 (F), BXD9 (F), BXD11 (F), BXD12(F), BXD13 (F), BXD14 (M), BXD19 (F), BXD20 (F), BXD22 (M), BXD24 (M), BXD27 (F), BXD28 (F), BXD32 (M), BXD39 (M), C57BL/6J (M), and DBA/2J (M).

Batch Structure: This data set consists of arrays processed in three batches with several "reruns" for the first batch. All arrays were run using a single protocol. All data have been corrected for batch effects as described below.

The table below lists the arrays by strain, sex, sample name, and batch ID. Each array was hybridized to a pool of mRNA from 3 to 4 mice. All mice were between 55 and 62 days.

Id Strain Sex Sample_name BatchId 1 C57BL/6J M Chip41_Batch02_B6_M_Str Batch02 2 BXD1 F Chip03_Batch03_BXD1_F_Str Batch03 3 BXD1 M Chip04_Batch03_BXD1_M_Str Batch03 4 BXD2 F Chip20_Rerun01_BXD2_F_Str Rerun01 5 BXD2 M Chip05_Batch01_BXD2_M_Str Batch01 6 BXD5 F Chip10_Batch03_BXD5_F_Str Batch03 7 BXD5 M Chip12_Batch03_BXD5_M_Str Batch03 8 BXD6 F Chip38_Batch02_BXD6_F_Str Batch02 9 BXD8 F Chip07_Batch03_BXD8_F_Str Batch03 10 BXD8 M Chip02_Batch03_BXD8_M_Str Batch03 11 BXD9 F Chip16_Batch01_BXD9_F_Str Batch01 12 BXD11 F Chip31_Batch02_BXD11_F_Str Batch02 13 BXD12 F Chip11_Batch01_BXD12_F_Str Batch01 14 BXD13 F Chip33_Batch02_BXD13_F_Str Batch02 15 BXD14 M Chip47_Rerun01_BXD14_M_Str Rerun01 16 BXD15 F Chip21_Batch01_BXD15_F_Str Batch01 17 BXD15 M Chip13_Batch01_BXD15_M_Str Batch01 18 BXD16 F Chip36_Batch02_BXD16_F_Str Batch02 19 BXD16 M Chip44_Rerun01_BXD16_M_Str Rerun01 20 BXD18 F Chip15_Batch03_BXD18_F_Str Batch03 21 BXD18 M Chip19_Batch03_BXD18_M_Str Batch03 22 BXD19 F Chip19_Batch01_BXD19_F_Str Batch01 23 BXD20 F Chip14_Batch03_BXD20_F_Str Batch03 24 BXD21 F Chip18_Batch01_BXD21_F_Str Batch01 25 BXD21 M Chip09_Batch01_BXD21_M_Str Batch01 26 BXD22 M Chip13_Batch03_BXD22_M_Str Batch03 27 BXD24 M Chip17_Batch03_BXD24_M_Str Batch03 28 BXD27 F Chip29_Batch02_BXD27_F_Str Batch02 29 BXD28 F Chip06_Batch01_BXD28_F_Str Batch01 30 BXD29 F Chip45_Batch02_BXD29_F_Str Batch02 31 BXD29 M Chip42_Batch02_BXD29_M_Str Batch02 32 BXD31 F Chip14_Batch01_BXD31_F_Str Batch01 33 BXD31 M Chip09_Batch03_BXD31_M_Str Batch03 34 BXD32 M Chip30_Batch02_BXD32_M_Str Batch02 35 BXD33 F Chip27_Rerun01_BXD33_F_Str Rerun01 36 BXD33 M Chip34_Batch02_BXD33_M_Str Batch02 37 BXD34 F Chip03_Batch01_BXD34_F_Str Batch01 38 BXD34 M Chip07_Batch01_BXD34_M_Str Batch01 39 BXD38 F Chip17_Batch01_BXD38_F_Str Batch01 40 BXD38 M Chip24_Batch01_BXD38_M_Str Batch01 41 BXD39 M Chip20_Batch03_BXD39_M_Str Batch03 42 BXD39 F Chip23_Batch03_BXD39_F_Str Batch03 43 BXD39 M Chip43_Rerun01_BXD39_M_Str Rerun01 44 BXD40 F Chip08_Rerun01_BXD40_F_Str Rerun01 45 BXD40 M Chip22_Batch01_BXD40_M_Str Batch01 46 BXD42 F Chip35_Batch02_BXD42_F_Str Batch02 47 BXD42 M Chip32_Batch02_BXD42_M_Str Batch02 48 DBA/2J M Chip05_Batch03_D2_M_Str Batch03

    About the array platfrom :

Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 array: The 430v2 array consists of 992936 useful 25-nucleotide probes that estimate the expression of approximately 39,000 transcripts (many are near duplicates). The array sequences were selected late in 2002 using Unigene Build 107. The array nominally contains the same probe sequence as the 430A and B series. However, we have found that roughy 75000 probes differ from those on A and B arrays.

    About data processing:

Probe (cell) level data from the CEL file: These CEL values produced by GCOS are 75% quantiles from a set of 91 pixel values per cell.

• Step 1: We added an offset of 1.0 unit to each cell signal to ensure that all values could be logged without generating negative values. We then computed the log base 2 of each cell.
• Step 2: We performed a quantile normalization of the log base 2 values for the total set of arrays (processed as two batches) using the same initial steps used by the RMA transform.
• Step 3: We computed the Z scores for each cell value.
• Step 4: We multiplied all Z scores by 2.
• Step 5: We added 8 to the value of all Z scores. The consequence of this simple set of transformations is to produce a set of Z scores that have a mean of 8, a variance of 4, and a standard deviation of 2. The advantage of this modified Z score is that a two-fold difference in expression level corresponds approximately to a 1 unit difference.
• Step 6: We eliminated much of the systematic technical variance introduced by the batches at the probe level. To do this we calculated the ratio of each batch mean to the mean of all batches and used this as a single multiplicative probe-specific batch correction factor. The consequence of this simple correction is that the mean probe signal value for each batch is the same.
• Step 7: Finally, we computed the arithmetic mean of the values for the set of microarrays for each strain. Technical replicates were averaged before computing the mean for independent biological samples. Note, that we have not (yet) corrected for variance introduced by differences in sex or any interaction terms. We have not corrected for background beyond the background correction implemented by Affymetrix in generating the CEL file. We eventually hope to add statistical controls and adjustments for some of these variables.

Probe set data from the CHP file: The expression values were generated using PDNN. The same simple steps described above were also applied to these values. Every microarray data set therefore has a mean expression of 8 with a standard deviation of 2. A 1 unit difference represents roughly a two-fold difference in expression level. Expression levels below 5 are usually close to background noise levels.

Data quality control: A total of 62 samples passed RNA quality control.

Probe level QC: Log2 probe data of all arrays were inspected in DataDesk before and after quantile normalization. Inspection involved examining scatterplots of pairs of arrays for signal homogeneity (i.e., high correlation and linearity of the bivariate plots) and looking at all pairs of correlation coefficients (62x61/2). Arrays with probe data that was not homogeneous when compared to any other arrays was flagged. If the correlation at the probe level was less than approximately 0.92 we deleted that array data set. Three arrays we lost during this process (BXD19_M_Str_Batch03, BXD23_F_Str_Batch03, and BXD24_F_Str_Batch03).

Probe set level QC: The final normalized array data were evaluated for outliers. This involved counting the number of times that the probe set value for a particular array was beyond two standard deviations of the mean. This outlier analysis was carried out using the PDNN, RMA and MAS5 transforms and outliers across different levels of expression. Eleven arrays were associated with an average of more than 8% outlier probe sets across all transforms and at all expression levels. In contrast, most other arrays generated fewer than 5% outliers. These eleven suspect eleven arrays were elimated from this "clean" data set. The following arrays were eliminated: B6_M_Str_Batch03, BXD6_M_Str_Batch02, BXD9_M_Str_Batch01, BXD12_M_Str_Batch03, BXD14_F_Str_Batch02, BXD23_M_Str_Batch03, BXD27_M_Str_Batch02, BXD28_M_Str_Batch01, BXD36_F_Str_Batch03, BXD36_M_Str_Batch03, and D2_M_Str_Batch01.

    Data source acknowledgment:

Data were generated with funds to Glenn Rosen from P20 MH62009 (see below for specifics). Samples and arrays were processed by the Genomics Core at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center by Towia Libermann and colleagues.

    About this text file:

This text file originally generated by GDR, RWW, and YHQ on Nov 2004. Updated by RWW Nov 17, 2004; GDR and RWW, Dec 23, 2004; RWW and GDR April 8, 2005.